- run the below commands from an elevated Powershell console:

#set the hostname
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2 -class Win32_ComputerSystem).rename("%enterHostnameHere%") | out-null

#set the FQDN suffix
set-itemProperty -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters -name "NV Domain" -value "%subdomain.domain.tld%"

#append primary DNS suffix (and derivatives) to DNS requests -- should already be set, but it's better to make sure
set-itemProperty -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters -name UseDomainNameDevolution -value 1

#allow Remote Desktop connections to the system
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TerminalServiceSetting).setAllowTSConnections(1) | out-null

#set the RDP security layer to SSL (TLSv1.2)
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TSGeneralSetting).setSecurityLayer(2) | out-null

#set the RDP encryption level to High -- no WMI method was found to work, so we'll go instead with modifying the registry directly
#(given the subsequent reboot, this should work just fine)
set-itemProperty -path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" -name MinEncryptionLevel -value 3

#enable enforcement of NLA-only connections
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TSGeneralSetting).setUserAuthenticationRequired(1) | out-null

#reboot in order to activate the changes
restart-computer

- you are all done with the prerequisites

- open an elevated Powershell console
- run the below commands within it:

#install the Remote Desktop Session Host and Remote Desktop Licensing roles on the system (including the management tools for the Licensing role)
install-windowsFeature -name RDS-RD-Server,RDS-Licensing -includeManagementTools -restart
#note: the system might automatically reboot in order to finish the role deployment

#set up and activate the (local) Licensing Server
$licSrv = get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2 -class Win32_TSLicenseServer
$licSrv.FirstName = "%your first_name%"
$licSrv.LastName = "%your last name%"
$licSrv.CountryRegion = "%your country of residence%"
$licSrv.Company = "%your company's name"
$licSrv.put() | out-null
invoke-wmiMethod -class Win32_TSLicenseServer -name ActivateServerAutomatic -namespace root\CIMv2 | out-null

#enable the per-user licensing mode for the License Server
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TerminalServiceSetting).changeMode(4) | out-null

#set the system's licensing server to be the local Licensing Server
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TerminalServiceSetting).setSpecifiedLicenseServerList("$env:computername") | out-null

#install a License Key Pack (such as a 5-CAL RDS retail license)
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TSLicenseKeyPack).installRetailPurchaseKeyPack("%license_key--see_the_NOTE_below%") | out-null
*note on the license key: it must be provided without the hyphens (so the 5 groups of 5 characters each, delimitated with '-' characters, will be provided as a continuous string of 25 alphanumeric characters; don't forget to enclose the resulting string in quotes)
**example: "aaaaa-bbbbb-ccccc-ddddd-eeeee" must be provided as "aaaaabbbbbcccccdddddeeeee" - the full command will look as below:
(get-wmiObject -namespace root\CIMv2\TerminalServices -class Win32_TSLicenseKeyPack).installRetailPurchaseKeyPack("aaaaabbbbbcccccdddddeeeee") | out-null

- you should be all done at this point

Note: Pinch of salt warning - the above steps have never been fully tested, since the installation of the CALs has not been possible in the environment used to compile the steps, so the mileage may vary.

- install the required RDS roles and tools

• open the 'Server Manager'
• go to 'Manage'\'Add Roles and Features' (upper right corner of the window)
• go to the 'Installation Type' section and keep the 'Role-based or feature-based installation' auto-selection
• continue to 'Server Selection', keep the default selection (it will be the local system), then proceed to 'Server Roles'
• select the 'Remote Desktop Services' role and continue to the 'Features' section
• select the 'Media Foundation' feature, then scroll down to 'Remote Server Administration Tools'\'Role Administration Tools'\'Remote Desktop Services Tools'
• select the 'Remote Desktop Licensing Diagnoser Tools' and 'Remote Desktop Licensing Tools' from the respective list
• continue unto the 'Remote Desktop Services'\'Role Services' section
• select the 'Remote Desktop Licensing' and 'Remote Desktop Session Host' functions from the list
• confirm the installation (select the option to automatically restart the server)

- activate the licensing server and install CALs

• open the 'Server Manager'
• go to 'Tools'\'Terminal Services'\'Remote Desktop Licensing Manager'
• expand 'All servers', right click on the server name\'Activate Server'
• select the 'Automatic connection' method (requires that port 443 be open in the firewall leading to the Internet)
• provide the required identification information and activate the server (again, this requires that the server be able reach the Internet over port 443)
• afterwards right click on the server's name and select 'Install Licenses'
• select 'License Pack (Retail Purchase)' as the license program
• provide the license code(s) by using the input boxes and the click the 'Add' button
• once done, hit 'Next'; the Clearinghouse server will be contacted and the RDS CALs will be installed

- you should be all done at this point

Note: Pinch of salt warning - the GUI steps are written from memory, mainly, so I'm not sure how close they follow the actual wizards, the actual mileage may vary.